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November 6, 2008
Risk Management via Options Trading
In preparing the Goldcorp (GG) report for public distribution this weekend [a server link will be provided], I asked the Cara Trading Advisors (CTAB) options specialist to write up a piece on how we execute on our Risk Management Practices using sophisticated option strategies.
To explain his approach, he ran a simulation. This simulation has several assumptions that may or may not be correct. He assumed a flat volatility for all strikes when in fact it could be skewed-ie, professionals would say that the out of the money puts would trade at a higher volatility than the out of the money call. Also the Neutral Strategy involving selling the Jan strangle (25 call and 17.5 put) actually has a slightly negative delta (8). The trader just took strikes as close to equidistant from 21.5, but someone may say it is biased to the downside, and technically be correct.
But trading and writing about it are challenges for different reasons. I do the best I can.
Here are the Goldcorp (GG) Option Position Returns during different conditions:
1. unchanged @23,
2. -20% @17.2,
3. +20% @25.8
CTAB underlying assumption: The implied volatility (IV) and historic volatility (HV) are extremely high and likely to revert to more normal levels over the next few months. Therefore strategies should look to sell volatility to capture profits assuming the stock direction is correctly forecast, and reduce losses if the stock moves counter one’s assumption.
Very Bullish on GG: Buy one Jan 25 call for 2.15 and sell one Jan 20 put for 2.85 collecting .60 cents.
Moderately Bullish: Sell Jan 20 put for 2.8
Neutral depending upon your risk tolerance: Sell the Jan 25 call and the Jan 17.5 put collecting 3.95; or
Neutral: Buy one Jan 27.5 and sell one Dec 25 call for 0 cost
Moderately Bearish-sell the Jan 22.5 Jan27.5 call spread for 1.50
Very Bearish: buy 1 Jan 20 put for 2.8 and sell 2 Jan 22.5 Jan 27.5 call spreads generating a .20 credit.
Simulation Results after 30 days with GG unchanged @21.5
1. Very Bullish: loss of .17 cents
2. Moderately Bullish gain of 1.08
3. Neutral (1): gain of .91 cents
4. Neutral (2): gain of .37 cents
5. Moderately Bearish: gain of .20 cents
6. Very bearish: loss of .32
Simulation Results after 30 days with GG down -20% to 17.2
1. Very Bullish: loss 2.95
2. Moderately Bullish: loss 1.03
3. Neutral (1): profit of 1.51
4. Neutral (2): profit of .13 cents
5. Moderately Bearish: gain of 1.09
6. Very Bearish: gain of 3.21
Simulation Results after 30 days with GG up +20% to 25.8
1. Very Bullish: gain of 3.71
2. Moderately Bullish: gain of 2.11
3. Neutral (1): gain of .32 cents
4. Neutral (2): loss of 1.20
5. Moderately Bearish: loss of .94 cents
6. Very Bearish: loss of 3.97
Conclusion: The Neutral strategy is the clear winner.
Discussion: Contrary to public opinion, option trading is actually less risky than holding equity positions. Option positions let investors profit from anticipated moves in the underlying security, and also protect their capital if the stock goes against them.
Managing your risk through the use of options preserves capital. In the case of GG, a 20% stock move against you results in losses of $4,300 on a 1000 share position. An equivalent option position (10 contracts) would lose $3,440 on the downside and $3,780 on the upside on very opinionated directional plays, and only $1,250 or $940 on moderately Bullish and Bearish positions.
Quite remarkably, the non-directional Neutral strategy (#3 above) makes money in all scenarios even though the stock moves 20% against the position in 30 days. In taking this strategy, you were absolutely wrong in your assessment that GG would not move violently in one direction, but still came out ahead because option premiums erode over time. If the simulation had assumed a lower implied volatility going forward, which we believe is going to occur, the results would have been even better.
Secondly, the January option cycle has 3 holiday weeks happening prior to expiration. Market makers know this and will drop bids around the holidays allowing short premium positions to profit more than a simulation would suggest.
Lastly, premium erosion is greatest in the final weeks before expiration so if we had run the simulation 60 days out the profits would have been significantly higher.
Hope this helps. I decided to post this in a separate blog and open up the floor to discussion. Periodically, the options oracle will join in. However, I'll cut off comments here in a couple days.
FYI, we are setting up with the IB block trading desk, an operation we can use to execute large (minimum of 100 contracts) option orders using their brokers for price improvement. For an added cost of $0.25 per contract, we can call the desk and learn about the order flow in the option market and have the broker work and fill the order between the bid and ask quotes. For instance, on a 100 lot we pay an extra $25 in execution costs and save $2,500 for our clients if we pay $2.00 instead of $2.25 for an option in an illiquid security. We could also alert the desk to situations we are interested in, such as last week when we were looking to sell volatility and they could have contacted us via email, IM, or a phone call if any other players needed insurance and were ready to play up.
I succeeded in this business because I deal with the best. With the platform I have been putting in place, we’ll trade successfully against the Goldmans, the Merrills and the Morgans as well as Mr. Market. I am confident of that.
ADDENDUM:
Comments unrelated to options will be deleted.
Posted by Posted by Bill Cara on November 6, 2008 08:31:54 AM | Category: Trader Tools
Discourse
Hi Bill.
Thanks for your postings on options strategies. I liked your call on TCK but unfortunately missed it. However, I heeded your views that the market was ready to turn bullish and was able to buy some HCU (Toronto) and ride it up before selling at end of election day for +25%. Anyway, I've been keeping an eye on TCK.B and noticed that there seems to be long term support in the $8 - $10 range (Canadian). So I sold a few TCK December $10 puts today. If exercised, they would put my effective cost well into the previously mentioned support zone (about $8.70), and I'd be getting a yield of 10% (if there were no changes to the dividend). If they expire worthless, I make about 13% on the cash needed to purchase the shares. I am rather new at using options. Does this strike you as a sound strategy?
-Scott
Posted by: Sky125
at
November 6, 2008 7:45 PM [link]
RE: "In preparing the Goldcorp (GG) report for public distribution this weekend []......"
Bill, (or anyone who knows)
I have attempted to email my request for a copy of your GoldCorp report to the email address you provided:
It keeps getting kicked back to me.
Did I misunderstand? Is there another email address I should use? I don't want to clog your private (confidential) email inbox.
Thanks,
-mojo
[Bill Cara note:
After I decided to post a server link and allow you to get it directly, I forgot to change the blog. Sorry. I have now provided notice that when the report is available, I will publish the link. The report is too big to send by mail.]
Posted by: mojo
at
November 7, 2008 1:21 AM [link]
Good quick view of options in practice.
Options sellers beware.
Some think that the standard Black Scholes options pricing theory uses an inappropriately chosen statistical model (Gaussian/normal), which sigificantly underprices what is popularly called "fat tail" risk.
This is probably what Taleb is exploiting in his hedge fund which invests only in OTM options.
You can Google "non-Gaussian options pricing".
(I have not made a special study of this, and I have no idea what Taleb is really doing.)
I have posted on Conover previously, he prefers the Lapacian distribution.
". . . which uses the Laplacian distribution of the marginal increments for
assessment of financial risk.
Most prevailing models use a normal/Gaussian distribution for both,
which can lead to substantial errors in the evaluation of risk over
extended time intervals. These errors, coupled with inadequate data
set sizes, probably mislead the financial industry into a very
optimistic assessment of systemic risk exposure, (which took down
LTCM, a decade earlier, too.)"
Posted by: pappdjavul
at
November 7, 2008 6:56 AM [link]
I am very close to writing my first put option for BA. It's a big and scary step for me as I'm very new to this. It all makes sense but I do mistrust things before I have experienced them for myself. This kind of analysis energizes me and I sincerely appreciate the time and effort in making it available.
Bill, I just finished the options secion in your book. I think I have the courage to give it a go!
Many thanks to your team and your leadership.
Cheers
Posted by: rugger09
at
November 7, 2008 8:28 AM [link]
Thanks for this posting on some of the strategies you use for options trading. Just as a lot of people here are, I am new to options trading and have been learning a lot recently. I found this post to be very informative.
Right now all of my options trading has been limited to selling puts/calls to lower my cost basis of stock I already own. Before I start trading some of the advanced options strategies I am looking for a way to simulate how the options would perform under various scenarios. As I haven't really found any software that is easy to use, I am tracking some trades on paper to see how they would perform.
Would/could you or any else for that matter recommend a method for running my own simulations? Just about any method for the simulation would be fine (software, spreadsheet, even programming).
Thanks in advance,
Chris....
Posted by: chris
at
November 7, 2008 9:31 AM [link]
Chris-go to google and look up ivolatilty.com and select the basic calculator tab. You can then input your assumptions. For instance, you could change the days to expiration to calculate the value of an option at some future date. This will show you what happens over time to the value of an option. Most importantly pay attention to the implied volatility; putting in different IV assumptions drastically changes the theoretical value of an option. If your volatility assumptions are incorrect you could lose money even if the stock goes in the direction you wanted. Good luck.
Posted by: optionoracle
at
November 7, 2008 10:23 AM [link]
Hi Bill,
haven't been able to browse the blog for a while, just caught the headline for this case study. will bookmark it and devote some time, probably on Sunday. Thanks a lot, I'm looking forward to it.
Posted by: Eric
at
November 7, 2008 9:24 PM [link]
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Bill, this is wonderfully educational...very rich...I have the tome 'Options as a Strategic Investment' by McMillan at my side; but reading you fast tracks my learning.
thank you very much
Posted by: joey
at
November 6, 2008 7:38 PM [link]