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December 28, 2005
Yield curve focus, Wed., Dec. 28, 2005, 8:35 AM
There are two aspects of bond yields that traders must keep in mind. One is the level of yields, which I see as a reflection of how much capital there is in the world seeking a reasonable risk-adjusted return, and the other is the slope of the yield curve, which I see as being an indicator of economic health. These are separate but not mutually exclusive concepts.
A country's central bank and Treasury administration works together to (i) maintain stable financial and capital markets, (ii) act as key money facilitator of government operations, and (iii) be an important instrument of the Administration's political policies.
For many years in the U.S., until George Bush became President in 2000, the Federal Reserve Bank was able to keep a fair distance from the White House. But, whether by design or by events related to international terrorism and natural disasters, it is clear today that politics and central banking are fused.
Some argue that this mixture is like oil and water (no pun intended), and should be kept apart like Church and State (again no pun intended). As I see it, there is no longer a benefit to maintaining separation between the Fed and the Treasury because the Fed now operates mostly in the short-term.
I wonder if anybody has ever seriously considered having Congress elect a Fed head for six-year terms that would offset the four-year Presidential cycle (and the appointment of the Treasury head).
In any event, due to the size of the bond market, neither the Treasury nor the Fed can manage the long-term bond yield as well as they can and do the short-term rates. In fact, in just five years, the bond market has grown so huge, and the percentage of U.S. Treasury debt in the control of foreign traders (now over 50 pct versus one-third in 2000) that I believe U.S. monetary policy is out of control, i.e., it can no longer be used as an effective control mechanism.
So, with respect to the yield curve, I now believe that international financial and capital markets are in control.
What does that imply? For one, the occupant of the White House is no longer the master of his domain. From this point forward, whenever financial and capital market risks, and opportunities for creating wealth, warrant the re-investment of foreign capital into their own domestic economies, foreigners will sell their holdings of U.S. debt. And the moment that begins to happen, the U.S. bond market will fall, and rates will rise.
And if the U.S. economy happens to fall into recession, where turnover of the money supply falls, and money becomes scarce, the short rates will rise faster than long rates.
I suspect that 2006 will see the first recession in the U.S. since foreigners have gained control of the U.S. bond market. Should the economies of Asia/Pacific and Latin America regions continue to grow strongly, I believe that the USD will come under extreme pressure, and the Treasury and Fed will have no option but to reflate. In fact I think they started this process in September.
Such a move makes U.S. bonds relatively more attractive than equities, and gold more attractive than USD.
As I say, I think the process has started, and the scorecard will be the Living Yield Curve.
To reiterate, the flatter the curve, the more attractive bonds will be relative to equities. The higher the level of rates, the less attractive bonds become, but the more risky equities become (average PE multiples will fall). In both cases, gold will out-perform.
As traders come to realize what I am saying has currency, the price of gold has been rising. In fact, gold today is up a further $5.50 to this point. It is now at $515.50 on the Feb-06 contracts.
Where gold will under-perform is when the living yield curve begins to slope back to normal, where long rates are significantly higher than short rates, because that will imply that real wealth is being created, and that assets should be allocated to those processes rather than let sit unallocated in cash or gold.
One other point, which you have seen me making for some time in going short U.S. financial stocks versus long the gold sector. a U.S. recession -- regardless of reflation -- will hurt the profitability of commercial bank and mortgage lenders. Make no mistake about that.
Posted by Posted by Bill Cara on December 28, 2005 08:36:40 AM | Category: Bonds , Economics , Gold , U.S. Equities
Discourse
AA - I can't answer for Bill, but fwiw, here is a couple of items for consideration:
-- The Treasury and Fed are on the same team. Treasury HAS to sell bonds to finance our increasing deficits. Bonds can't be sold if the interest rate drops too far below what other countries are offering in competition, therefore the Fed will need to fight (unfairly?) to keep the Yield Curve from getting too negatively directed for Bond sales.
-- Bond traders are traders. Go to Stockcharts and pull up $TNX on a daily chart with a 200dema MA. TNX is bouncing up today from that average. It will be interesting to see who wins, but remember that the Banksters ARE the Fed and they are on the Sell Side.
Have some fun today!
Posted by: spot
at
December 28, 2005 2:50 PM [link]
Spot,
Both your points are fair - but I don't see any linkage to why that points to lower gold prices if the yield curve steepens.
In fact, I went and did some more work to test the thesis, and frankly, I found zero correlation between the shape of the yield curve and the performance of gold over the last five years.
Between Jan 2001 and July 2003, the yield curve steepened from 40bp to 260bp. Gold went higher from 250 to almost 400 during that time.
From July 2003 to today, we have seen flattening, and gold has gone from 400 to 520.
Perhaps Bill is looking for a steepening of MORE than 250?
Bill, enlightenment please!
Posted by: AA
at
December 28, 2005 5:39 PM [link]

Bill,
As always, very thought-inspiring comments. While I follow your chain of thought, I am not clear on your last comment:
"Where gold will under-perform is when the living yield curve begins to slope back to normal, where long rates are significantly higher than short rates"
Here's why: let's say that the Fed aggressively lowers rates to zero. As in the 2002-2004 period, this will likely lead to high levels of "inflation" (asset inflation at lead, if not commodity and price inflation as well). I used to think that in such an environment, gold would do well.
My assumption here is that long rates will not go to zero simultaneously (this last time around, short rates went to 1%, but the long end did not, so I would think that this is a reasonable assumption).
What am I missing?
Thanks!
Posted by: AA
at
December 28, 2005 10:16 AM [link]